Glossary
Petroleum products
Products derived from petroleum or natural gas by processing or distillation. It can be various fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation kerosene, fuel oil, etc., as well as petroleum gases, paraffin, asphalt, bitumen and other products.
Petroleum products are widely used in industry, transport, construction and household use. Depending on their chemical properties and applications, petroleum products can have different consistency, color, melting point, etc.
Lubricity
The ability of a lubricant (such as oil or grease) to reduce friction between the surfaces of moving parts and prevent wear, corrosion and damage. A good lubricant must have high lubricity in order to ensure the efficient operation of engines, mechanisms and other devices.
A lubricant can have different lubricity depending on its composition and properties. For example, high quality engine oil must have a high level of lubricity to protect the engine from wear and corrosion.
Lubricity can be measured in a variety of ways, including friction and wear tests, resistance to oxidation and oil film breakdown resistance tests. Each type of lubricant has its own lubricity standards and requirements according to specific applications and operating conditions.
Fuel additives
substances that are added to the fuel to improve its properties.
They are used for a variety of purposes, including improving the octane rating of gasoline, reducing the sulfur content of diesel fuel, reducing engine carbon deposits and improving fuel economy. One of the most common additives is methyl terthiar butyl ether (MTBE), which is added to gasoline to increase its octane number.
Octane rating is the measure of a fuel resistance to detonation inside an engine. The higher octane rating is, the better engine performance and lower emissions are. This happens due to uniform and efficient fuel combustion.
Other additives:
- extreme pressure additives
- detergents
- antioxidants
are added to reduce carbon formation and increase the durability of parts of the propulsion system. Additives help remove deposits on valves, pistons, ignition spark plugs and other mechanisms, and as a result, engine performance is improved and fuel consumption is reduced.
In general, fuel additives are used to improve fuel quality and performance, improve fuel economy its consumption and reduction of emissions of harmful substances.
Fractional Analysis
a method for the analysis of petroleum products, in which their components are separated into fractions according to their boiling point.
The boiling point is the temperature at which the liquid goes into a gaseous state. In the course of fractional analysis, oil products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil and others are separated into fractions in according to their boiling range. This is done by heating a sample of the oil product and collecting vapors, which are then condensed in different fractions depending on their boiling point. The resulting fractions can be analyzed for their chemical composition and properties such as octane number, viscosity, sulfur content and other parameters that determine their suitability to be used in various applications. For example, fractions with a high octane number are used in the production of gasoline, and fractions with higher boiling points are used in the production of fuel oil. Fractional analysis is an important tool for the oil industry and allows you to determine the optimal conditions for the production of various petroleum products in accordance with their chemical and physical properties.
Types of gasoline
There are several types of gasoline that differ in their characteristics and applications:
- AI-80 is a low-octane gasoline that contains up to 80% of isooctane. It has a low cost but not suitable for the use in modern engines, as it can cause their unstable operation.
- AI-92 is the most common type of gasoline, which contains up to 92% of isooctane. It is suitable for use in most modern gasoline engines and has a moderate cost.
- AI-95 is a high-octane gasoline that contains up to 95% of isooctane. It is suitable for the use in high power engines for more efficient operation.
- AI-98 is an ultra-high octane gasoline that contains up to 98% of isooctane. It is suitable for use in sports cars and ensures maximum engine efficiency.
- Eco-gasoline is gasoline that contains additives that help reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. It is more environmentally friendly than regular gasoline and can be used in most modern gasoline engines.
The choice of a specific type of gasoline depends on the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer, the recommendations of the fuel manufacturer and environmental requirements.
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